- By: Captain Umar Farooq (Retired)
The year 2025 proved to be a defining period for Pakistan, marked by profound security, diplomatic, and political developments. It reshaped regional perceptions of Pakistan’s military strength and strategic relevance, while also exposing deep-rooted economic and governance challenges that now frame national hopes for 2026.
From a security perspective, 2025 altered Pakistan’s strategic posture. The conflict with India and its outcome reinforced confidence in Pakistan’s armed forces and defense preparedness. In the aftermath, several Muslim countries increased diplomatic and military engagement with Pakistan, sending delegations and senior commanders to explore cooperation in defense technology and strategic coordination. Pakistan’s growing credibility as a defense partner became increasingly evident.
Defense diplomacy expanded beyond South Asia. Pakistan concluded agreements with Saudi Arabia to provide security support for holy sites, while its strategic approach gained recognition in Washington, leading to renewed engagement and business-oriented cooperation with the United States. Military and economic relations were also strengthened with countries such as Egypt, Libya, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Iraq, and Qatar. Defense cooperation with Türkiye advanced significantly, with Ankara announcing plans to establish a drone manufacturing facility in Pakistan, signaling trust in Pakistan’s industrial and technical capacity.
Internally, security challenges persisted. The repatriation of Afghan nationals involved in illegal and militant activities remained a sensitive but decisive policy. Pakistan faced violent attacks from militant groups, including cross-border incidents, resulting in heavy sacrifices by law enforcement agencies and the military. The response underscored Pakistan’s resolve to protect its sovereignty and internal stability.
On the diplomatic front, Pakistan maintained consistent moral, political, and financial support for Palestine and expressed solidarity with Iran during regional tensions, while advocating restraint and dialogue. Pakistan also kept its airspace closed to Indian commercial flights, reinforcing its strategic signaling. International confidence was reflected in the frequent visits of foreign cricket teams, highlighting improvements in security conditions and global perception.
Civil-military engagement remained visible throughout the year. Senior military leadership and the DG ISPR interacted with university students to promote national cohesion and peace. Religious scholars and youth were also engaged to foster tolerance and harmony. Constitutional and institutional changes took place, including the extension of senior defense leadership roles and the introduction of the 27th constitutional amendment, shaping the political landscape going forward.
Despite these developments, the economic reality of 2025 remained harsh. Inflation continued to erode purchasing power, while rising prices of basic commodities strained ordinary citizens. Large numbers of Pakistanis left the country in search of economic stability abroad. Water disputes with India intensified, with concerns over river flows adding pressure to an already fragile situation. At the same time, Pakistan took positive steps by restoring strong relations with Bangladesh and advancing space technology through the launch of a satellite with Chinese cooperation.
Defense capability remained a focal point, with multiple missile tests conducted to validate deterrence readiness. The Karachi defense exhibition showcased Pakistan’s growing defense industry. However, internal security threats continued, particularly in Balochistan, where militant violence targeted civilians and security personnel, prompting sustained counterterrorism operations.
Provincial governance also shaped the national outlook. Development initiatives in Punjab continued under the provincial leadership, while the new and youthful leadership in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa raised expectations of improved governance and service delivery.
As 2026 begins, hope is tempered by realism. Pakistan’s economy remains heavily dependent on international loans and burdened by systemic corruption. There is an urgent need to reduce unnecessary government expenditures, reform public sector inefficiencies, and enforce accountability. Severe and credible action against corruption could restore public trust and investor confidence.
Economic revival must focus on facilitating businesses and industries, ensuring that entrepreneurs and factory owners are encouraged to stay and invest in Pakistan. Job creation, skills development for youth, and inflation control should be top national priorities. Pakistan’s vast mineral resources must be responsibly utilized and exported with transparency and long-term planning. Strategic cooperation with China remains vital for economic and infrastructural stability.
Pakistan’s identity as a responsible nuclear power, a peace-loving nation, and a contributor to international peacekeeping missions should continue to define its global role. Politically sensitive issues, including high-profile legal cases, must be handled with wisdom to avoid further polarization. The current government faces the challenge of addressing corruption, crime, poverty, and unemployment with seriousness and resolve.
The year 2026 holds the promise of transformation, but only if decisive reforms replace routine governance. Without meaningful change, it risks becoming another year of missed opportunities. The choice between renewal and stagnation now lies firmly in the hands of policymakers and institutions alike.